Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives

Article Title: The Kidney-Related Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells HK-2 and Male C57BL/6 Mice

doi: 10.1289/EHP7612

Figure Lengend Snippet: Body weights, blood biochemistry index values, H&E staining in kidney sections, tubulointerstitial injury, and IHC for ER stress-, inflammation-, and autophagy-related proteins in kidney sections for mice treated with PS-MPs. (A) The body weights of mice were measured after PS-MPs were administered with concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mg / d for 4 and 8 wk. The data are presented as the means ± SDs , n = 5 . The mean and SD summary data of (A) are shown in Table S3. (B) Blood biochemistry was analyzed via assessment of BUN and creatinine. The data are presented as the means ± SDs . n = 5 . ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with sham group, as determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Significance: BUN: no significant differences (Table S3); creatinine: 4 wk: sham group vs. 0.2 -mg / d group: p = 0.001 , sham group vs. 0.4 -mg / d group: p = 0.0026 ; 8 wk: sham group vs. 0.2 -mg / d group: p = 0.0068 , sham group vs. 0.4 -mg / d group: p < 0.05 < 0.001 , 0.2 -mg / d group vs. 0.4 -mg / d group: p = 0.0026 . The mean and SD summary data of (B) are shown in Table S3. All p -values shown in Table S3. (C) H&E staining of representative kidney sections. Hematoxylin stained the cell nuclei blue, and eosin stained the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm pink. Scale bar: 30 μ m . The arrows indicate lesions. (D) Tubulointerstitial injury analyses in kidneys. The data are presented as the means ± SDs . Twenty fields of view per kidney (5 mice per group). * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared with sham group samples, as determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Significance: 4 wk: sham group vs. 0.2 -mg / d group: p = 0.0342 , sham group vs. 0.4 -mg / d group: p < 0.001 ; and 8 wk; sham group vs. 0.2 -mg / d group: p < 0.001 , sham group vs. 0.4 -mg / d group: p < 0.001 . The mean and SD summary data of (D) are shown in Table S3. All p -values reported in Table S4. (E) IHC of IRE 1 α expressed in the kidney sections. Scale bar: 30 μ m . (F) IHC of COX-1 expressed in the kidney sections. Scale bar: 30 μ m . (G) IHC of LC3 expressed in the kidney sections. Scale bar: 30 μ m . n = 2 . The quantified IHC data were graphed and statistically analyzed, as shown in Table S5. Note: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COX-1, cyclooxygenase-1; CREA, creatinine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IRE 1 α , inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α ; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PS-MPs, polystyrene microplastics; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Biochemical indices including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (417-65291; Wako) and creatinine levels (1875418; Roche), were tested using a Hitachi 7080 analyzer by the National Laboratory Animal Center in Taiwan.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Standard Deviation

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology

Article Title: Plasma and urinary p21: potential biomarkers of AKI and renal aging

doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00328.2018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cardiac and brain vs. renal p21 mRNA expression at 18 h post-induction of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Renal ischemia caused a 6-fold increase in renal cortical p21 mRNA. It also induced a 2- to 3-fold p21 mRNA increase in heart and liver in the absence of any direct cardiac or hepatic tissue injury (P values vs. values observed in sham-operated mice). blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) values observed in sham-operated and post-ischemic mice at 18 h are depicted. I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; sham, sham-operated mice.

Article Snippet: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was also determined (BioChain, no. 5030020).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: The metabolic profile of a rat model of chronic kidney disease

doi: 10.7717/peerj.3352

Figure Lengend Snippet: After assessing the p value for the time effect (11 weeks and 21 weeks) and the treatment effect (LS diet and HS diet), the metabolites that were not significantly different ( p ≥ 0.05) regarding time or interaction effect are only represent by bar plots of 21-week-old rats. Other metabolites are represented by bar plots of 11-week-old and 21-weeks-old rats. In the HS group at 21 weeks of age, the levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), intermediate metabolites of glycolysis, decreased. The levels of several amino acids and their derivatives also changed in rats in the HS group at 21 weeks of age. The amount of urea, creatinine, and citrulline increased at 21 weeks of age. The levels of several metabolites in the TCA cycle also changed; the levels of citrate and isocitrate increased while that of succinate and acetyl CoA decreased. LS-11 week, n = 8; LS-11 week, n = 12; HS-11 week, n = 8; HS-21 week, n = 11.

Article Snippet: Measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was entrusted to SRL Inc. (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: